sünoviaalvedelikust

Synovial fluid, also known as joint fluid, is a viscous liquid found within the synovial joints of mammals. It is produced by the synovial membrane, a specialized tissue lining the joint capsule. The primary function of synovial fluid is to lubricate the joint, reducing friction between the articular cartilages of the bones. This lubrication is crucial for smooth and pain-free movement.

Beyond lubrication, synovial fluid also acts as a shock absorber, helping to dissipate forces transmitted through the joint during activity. It provides nutrients to the avascular articular cartilage, supplying oxygen and essential molecules. Additionally, it plays a role in the immune defense of the joint, containing phagocytic cells that can remove debris and pathogens.

The composition of synovial fluid is similar to plasma but with a lower concentration of proteins and a higher concentration of hyaluronic acid, which contributes to its viscosity. Its clear, pale yellow appearance is typical. Abnormalities in the amount or appearance of synovial fluid can be indicative of various joint conditions, such as inflammation, infection, or injury, and analysis of synovial fluid is a common diagnostic tool in rheumatology and orthopedics.