sünkroonmootors

A sünkroonmootor is a type of AC electric motor that rotates at the same speed as its stator's magnetic field. This synchronous speed is determined by the frequency of the AC power supply and the number of poles in the motor's construction. Unlike induction motors, where the rotor spins slightly slower than the magnetic field (due to slip), the rotor of a synchronous motor is locked in step with the rotating magnetic field.

The rotor of a synchronous motor can be either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. In the case of an electromagnet, a DC current is supplied to windings on the rotor via slip rings and brushes. This creates a magnetic field that is attracted to the rotating magnetic field of the stator. The interaction between these two magnetic fields generates torque, causing the rotor to spin at synchronous speed.

Synchronous motors offer several advantages. They maintain a constant speed regardless of load variations, making them ideal for applications requiring precise speed control. They can also operate at unity or leading power factors, which can improve the overall power factor of an electrical system, reducing losses and potentially lowering electricity bills. However, they typically require a separate DC excitation source for the rotor and can be more complex to start than induction motors. Common applications include large industrial drives, pumps, fans, and compressors where constant speed and power factor correction are important.