söövitavad

Söövitavat is the Finnish term used to describe substances that are corrosive, meaning they can destroy or damage living tissue and materials through chemical action. In practice, corrosive substances are classified by their ability to cause chemical burns on skin and eyes and to corrode metals or other materials. The term is commonly encountered in safety data sheets, laboratory guidelines, and industrial hygiene contexts.

Common examples of corrosive substances include strong inorganic acids (such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) and strong bases (such as sodium hydroxide). Other corrosives include certain oxidizers, fluorinating agents, and concentrated hydrogen peroxide. Some substances may be corrosive to metals even if they are not highly toxic to tissue. Hydrofluoric acid is notable for its particular hazard because of its tissue-damaging properties and difficulty of treatment.

Health effects from exposure depend on the substance and route of contact. Skin or eye contact can cause severe burns and tissue damage; inhalation of vapors or aerosols can irritate or damage the respiratory tract; ingestion can be life-threatening. Repeated or high-dose exposures increase the risk of lasting injury. Protective measures are essential, including appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, eye protection, lab coat or apron), adequate ventilation, and careful handling to avoid spills or splashes.

Safety and storage practices include keeping corrosives in compatible, clearly labeled containers; storing them away from incompatible materials (such as bases with oxidizers or organics); using spill-control measures and emergency eyewash stations; and disposing of waste according to local hazardous-waste regulations. Some acids and bases can be neutralized under controlled conditions, but neutralization should only be performed by trained personnel following established procedures.