sääasema

Sääasema, the Finnish term for weather station, refers to a facility equipped to observe atmospheric conditions and to provide data for weather forecasting, climate monitoring, and scientific research. Weather stations can be manual, with human observers taking readings, or automated, using electronic sensors and data loggers. They are typically operated as part of national meteorological services and placed in open, representative locations to minimize heat bias and local disturbances.

Common measurements include air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, and precipitation. More advanced stations may record solar radiation, cloud cover, visibility, soil temperature, and soil moisture. Data are collected by sensors, logged, and transmitted via radio, telephone, cellular, or satellite links to central processing systems. Data quality is ensured through calibration, maintenance, and standardization procedures according to WMO guidelines.

Types range from automated weather stations (AWS) that operate without on-site human intervention to traditional, staffed synoptic stations. Weather stations can be standalone or part of larger networks; siting considerations follow exposure guidelines to ensure representativeness, with attention to shielding from direct sun, obstructions, and nearby heat sources. Regular maintenance is required to keep sensors accurate.

National meteorological services, such as the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), operate extensive weather-station networks and contribute data to international programs. Information from sääasema networks supports daily weather forecasts, severe weather alerts, agricultural planning, aviation weather, climate research, and public awareness. Data are frequently made available to the public through portals and APIs.