sárssjúkdóma

Sárssjúkdóma, commonly known as trench fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bartonella quintana. It is primarily transmitted by the body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus). The disease was first identified in soldiers during World War I, hence the name "trench fever," as it was prevalent in the unsanitary conditions of the trenches.

Symptoms of trench fever can vary but often include a sudden onset of fever, headache, chills, and muscle pain. A characteristic rash, often described as a measles-like eruption, may also appear. Some individuals may experience pain in their shins, which is a hallmark symptom. The illness can be recurrent, with periods of fever interspersed with symptom-free intervals. In some cases, trench fever can lead to chronic complications affecting the heart valves or bones.

Diagnosis is typically made based on clinical symptoms and confirmed through laboratory tests, such as blood cultures or serological tests to detect antibodies against Bartonella quintana. Treatment usually involves a course of antibiotics, such as doxycycline or azithromycin. Prevention focuses on good hygiene and controlling louse infestations. Eradicating body lice from infected individuals and their clothing is crucial to prevent transmission. While trench fever is less common today, it can still occur in populations with poor living conditions and inadequate sanitation.