szklerenkimy

Szklerenkimy refers to a type of plant tissue characterized by its thick, lignified secondary cell walls. These walls provide structural support and mechanical strength to the plant. Szklerenchyma cells are typically dead at maturity and their primary function is to reinforce and support mature plant organs, allowing them to withstand stress. There are two main types of szklerenchyma cells: fibres and sclereids.

Fibers are elongated, spindle-shaped cells with tapering ends. They often occur in bundles and can be found in various parts of the plant, including the stem, root, and vascular tissues. Examples of plant fibers used commercially include those from flax (linen), hemp, and cotton (which are actually epidermal hairs, but share szklerenchyma characteristics).

Sclereids, on the other hand, are a diverse group of cells with various shapes. They are often found scattered within other tissues, such as the cortex, pith, and epidermis. Sclereids contribute to the hardness and toughness of plant structures. Common examples include the hard shell of nuts, the gritty texture of pear flesh, and the stone cells in fruits like guava. The presence and distribution of szklerenchyma are crucial for plant architecture and survival in various environments.