szigmoidoszkóp

A sigmoidoszkóp is a medical instrument used to examine the lower part of the colon, specifically the sigmoid colon and the rectum. It is a flexible or rigid tube equipped with a light source and a camera or magnifying lens, allowing visualization of the intestinal lining. The procedure in which a sigmoidoszkóp is used is called sigmoidoscopy.

Sigmoidoscopy is typically performed to investigate symptoms such as rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or abdominal pain. It can also be used for screening purposes, particularly for colorectal cancer, although colonoscopy, which examines the entire colon, is more common for comprehensive screening. During the procedure, the patient lies on their side, and the sigmoidoscopy is gently inserted into the anus and advanced into the sigmoid colon. Air may be introduced to inflate the colon for better visualization.

The instrument allows physicians to identify abnormalities such as polyps, inflammation, diverticula, or sources of bleeding. If polyps are found, they can often be removed during the procedure using specialized instruments passed through the sigmoidoscopy. Biopsies can also be taken if suspicious tissue is observed. The procedure is generally well-tolerated and can be performed in an outpatient setting with minimal preparation, often involving an enema. While generally safe, potential risks include bleeding or perforation, though these are rare.