széndioxidkibocsátása

Széndioxidkibocsátása refers to the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources. As a greenhouse gas, CO₂ contributes to global warming and climate change by trapping heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. In the context of human activity, the majority of CO₂ emissions arise from the combustion of fossil fuels for energy and transportation, industrial processes such as cement and steel production, and deforestation which reduces the amount of CO₂ absorbed by forests. The annual worldwide CO₂ emissions have risen from about 16 gigatonnes in the 1970s to over 35 gigatonnes today, creating a significant imbalance between emissions and the planet’s capacity to absorb them.

Mitigation strategies focus on reducing the use of coal and oil, increasing renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and enhancing carbon sinks through reforestation and soil management. Carbon pricing mechanisms, such as carbon taxes and cap‑and‑trade schemes, provide economic incentives to lower emissions. Additionally, advances in technology—electric vehicles, carbon capture and storage, and low‑carbon construction materials—are expected to play a critical role in decreasing future CO₂ outputs.

International agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to limit global temperature rise by curbing emissions. Nationally, many countries have set CO₂ reduction targets, often expressed as percentages relative to a baseline year. Monitoring and reporting frameworks, such as the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, provide standardized methods for calculating and tracking emissions. Continued collaboration between governments, industry, and civil society is essential to meet the ambitious goals needed to mitigate climate change impacts.