synagogia

Synagogia is a term derived from the Greek συναγωγή (synagogē), meaning assembly or gathering. In English, the word is uncommon and typically appears in scholarly or transliterated contexts as a reference to the synagogue, the Jewish house of worship and communal center. The term emphasizes the function of a place where Jews come together for prayer, study, and communal life.

Historically, synagogia emerged in the Judean and Hellenistic world during the Second Temple period, as Jewish communities outside Jerusalem formed local centers of worship and study. After the Temple's destruction, synagogia became the principal setting for worship, study, and communal life in the Diaspora. In some early Christian writings the term is used to describe assemblies in Greek-speaking regions, but in modern English the more common form is synagogue.

Architecturally and liturgically, synagogia typically feature a main prayer hall, an Aron Kodesh housing Torah scrolls, and a bimah from which the Torah is read. Seating is often oriented toward Jerusalem, though layouts and styles vary by tradition. Practices and rituals differ among Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and other communities, particularly regarding liturgy, language, and the role of women.

Today such centers exist worldwide, serving as houses of worship, study, and community life, ranging from historic, purpose-built houses to modern multi-use centers. In common English usage, the term synagogue is preferred, but synagogia remains a scholarly or transliterated form. See also Judaism; synagogue.