symétrique

Symétrique is the French adjective meaning symmetrical or characterized by symmetry. It describes objects or concepts that have a balanced relation between their parts, such as matching sides, shapes, or properties that correspond under a symmetry operation. In broader use, symmetry conveys harmony, order, and invariance under transformation.

Étymologie: From Latin symmetria, via French, from Greek symmetria “conformity of measure” (from syn-, “together” + metron, “measure”).

In geometry and mathematics, symmetry is an invariance under a set of transformations. A figure is symmetric if it remains unchanged under operations such as reflection (mirror symmetry), rotation, translation, or glide reflection. The axis of symmetry is a line that divides a figure into mirror-image halves. The collection of all symmetry operations of an object forms a symmetry group, for example cyclic or dihedral groups in two dimensions, and corresponding space groups in crystals.

In science, symmetry relates to invariance across physical laws or structures. Molecular symmetry influences spectra and chemical behavior; in physics, symmetries underpin conservation laws and fundamental interactions, and symmetry breaking explains phase transitions and emergent phenomena.

In information technology, symmetric cryptography uses the same secret key for encryption and decryption, as opposed to public-key (asymmetric) schemes. Common symmetric algorithms include AES and ChaCha20; key management is a central concern.

In arts, architecture, and design, symmetry is a foundational principle that creates balance and predictability. Bilateral symmetry and radial symmetry appear in logos, buildings, and decorative motifs. In music and literature, symmetrical structures and palindromic motifs are used as stylistic devices.