sydänläpien

Sydänläpät, often translated as heart valves, are crucial structures within the heart that ensure blood flows in the correct direction. They act like one-way doors, opening to allow blood to move forward and closing to prevent backflow. The human heart has four main valves: the mitral valve, the aortic valve, the tricuspid valve, and the pulmonary valve. Each valve is composed of leaflets, also known as cusps, which are thin flaps of tissue. The precise opening and closing of these leaflets are controlled by pressure changes within the heart chambers and are synchronized with the heart's rhythmic contractions and relaxations.

Dysfunction of these heart valves can lead to various medical conditions. If a valve does not open fully, it is called stenosis, which obstructs blood flow. If a valve does not close properly, it is called regurgitation or insufficiency, allowing blood to leak backward. These issues can strain the heart muscle, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations. Diagnosis often involves physical examination, listening for abnormal heart sounds (murmurs), and imaging techniques like echocardiography. Treatment options range from medication to manage symptoms to surgical or interventional procedures to repair or replace the faulty valve.