Sydänläpät

Sydänläpät, also known as heart valves, are crucial structures within the heart that ensure blood flows in the correct direction. There are four main heart valves in humans: the mitral valve, the tricuspid valve, the aortic valve, and the pulmonary valve. These valves open and close rhythmically with each heartbeat, acting like one-way doors. The mitral and tricuspid valves are located between the atria and ventricles, and they prevent blood from flowing back into the atria during ventricular contraction. The aortic and pulmonary valves are situated between the ventricles and the major arteries (the aorta and pulmonary artery, respectively), preventing blood from returning to the ventricles after it has been pumped out.

Dysfunction of heart valves can lead to various cardiovascular conditions. Two common types of valve disease are stenosis, where a valve narrows and restricts blood flow, and regurgitation, where a valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak backward. These conditions can strain the heart, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and palpitations. Causes of valve disease include congenital defects, rheumatic fever, aging, and infections. Diagnosis typically involves physical examination, echocardiography, and sometimes other imaging techniques. Treatment options range from medication to surgical interventions, including valve repair or replacement, to restore proper heart function.