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A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a significant period, preventing oxygen and nutrients from reaching the heart muscle. This blockage is typically caused by a blood clot that forms in a coronary artery, which supplies blood to the heart. The most common cause of this blockage is the buildup of plaque, a fatty substance, within the coronary arteries.

Symptoms of a heart attack can vary but often include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, back, or arms. These symptoms can be similar to those of other conditions, such as indigestion or anxiety, making it important to seek immediate medical attention if chest pain or discomfort is experienced.

The treatment of a heart attack typically involves the administration of thrombolytic drugs to dissolve the blood clot, angioplasty to open the blocked artery, or coronary artery bypass surgery to restore blood flow. Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can help prevent heart attacks by reducing the risk factors associated with coronary artery disease.

Heart attacks are a leading cause of death worldwide, with millions of people affected each year. Early recognition and treatment of heart attack symptoms can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term complications. Regular medical check-ups and awareness of the symptoms of a heart attack are essential for early detection and intervention.