supravalvulær

Supravalvular refers to a location above a valve, most commonly used in a medical context to describe a congenital heart defect. Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) is a condition where the aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart to the rest of the body, is narrowed above the aortic valve. This narrowing can impede blood flow and strain the heart.

The exact cause of supravalvular aortic stenosis is often unknown, though it can be inherited. It is part of a spectrum of conditions known as supravalvular stenosis, which can also affect other arteries. Symptoms can vary widely, from none to severe, and may include chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, and fatigue. In infants, feeding difficulties and poor weight gain can be present.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening for heart murmurs, and imaging tests such as echocardiography, CT scans, or MRI scans to visualize the narrowed area of the aorta. Treatment depends on the severity of the stenosis and the patient's symptoms. Mild cases may be monitored, while more severe cases may require surgical intervention to widen the narrowed section of the aorta or, in some instances, valve replacement. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for preventing complications and improving outcomes.