sunstorm

A sunstorm is a colloquial term often used to describe a solar flare or a coronal mass ejection (CME). Solar flares are sudden, intense bursts of radiation from the release of magnetic energy associated with sunspots. These bursts emit electromagnetic radiation across the spectrum, from radio waves to X-rays and gamma rays. Coronal mass ejections are massive expulsions of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun's corona. They are distinct from solar flares but can sometimes occur together.

When these solar phenomena are directed towards Earth, they can have significant impacts. The charged particles and radiation can disrupt radio communications, interfere with GPS signals, and pose a radiation hazard to astronauts in space. More powerful CMEs can also cause geomagnetic storms. These storms occur when the CME's magnetic field interacts with Earth's magnetic field, leading to disturbances in the magnetosphere. Geomagnetic storms can induce currents in power grids, potentially causing widespread blackouts, and can enhance auroral displays visible at higher latitudes. The frequency and intensity of sunstorms vary with the Sun's 11-year solar cycle.