sunbeds

Sunbeds, also known as tanning beds or tanning booths, are electrical devices that emit ultraviolet (UV) radiation to tan the skin. They are used in salons and by individuals at home. The user lies or sits in the device while UV lamps illuminate the body.

Most beds emit primarily UVA with some UVB; UVA penetrates deeper and drives tanning by oxidizing melanin, while UVB stimulates new melanin production and increases the risk of burning. Modern beds vary in lamp composition and output, and doses are managed by session length and frequency. Users are typically required to wear protective eyewear to shield the eyes from UV exposure.

Health effects and regulation: Indoor tanning increases the risk of skin cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies tanning devices as Group 1 carcinogens. The risk is higher for those who begin at a young age or have fair skin, and cumulative exposure adds to the risk. Other potential harms include eye damage, photoaging, and cataracts when eye protection is not used or exposure is excessive. Regulations in many jurisdictions place age restrictions on use, require operator licensing, and set standards for equipment maintenance and lamp replacement.

Alternatives and safety: For those who choose to tan, it is important to limit exposure, follow device guidelines, and keep eye protection on during use. Consider sunless tanning products as an alternative. Regular maintenance of equipment and adherence to safety measures are common in facilities. Costs and energy use vary by model and usage.