sulfonamidet
Sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group, -SO2NH-. They were among the first effective antibiotics, developed in the 1930s after observations that para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) analogs could suppress bacterial growth. Their principal action is competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase in the bacterial folate synthesis pathway, reducing production of dihydrofolic acid and thymidine needed for DNA synthesis. Humans obtain folate from diet, giving a therapeutic window that favors bacteria.
Chemistry and pharmacokinetics: Sulfonamides are generally weak acids; substitutions affect solubility and tissue distribution. Many forms
Medical use and examples: Historically used for urinary tract infections and skin infections. Topical sulfonamides, such
Safety and resistance: Adverse effects include allergies, rash, photosensitivity, crystalluria, and hematologic effects. Severe cutaneous adverse