suhur

Suḥūr, also spelled suhoor or sahur, is the pre-dawn meal consumed by Muslims before the daily fast during the month of Ramadan. The term comes from Arabic suḥūr, meaning pre-dawn meal. The meal is eaten before the fajr prayer and ends at dawn, when the fast begins.

Across cultures, suḥūr varies in its preparation and timing. It is typically eaten in the hours before dawn, and many people aim for foods that provide lasting energy and hydration during the day. The meal may range from light to substantial, depending on local customs and personal preference, and it often includes a balance of fluids, complex carbohydrates, protein, and fruit.

Common suḥūr foods include water or other fluids; dairy products such as yogurt or milk; eggs, cheese, or beans for protein; whole grains, oats, bread, or rice-based dishes for lasting energy; fruits and vegetables. In some regions dates, nuts, and soups are traditional components. It is generally advised to avoid very heavy, fried, or very spicy foods that may cause discomfort during the day.

Observance of suḥūr is widely practiced in Muslim communities during Ramadan, though participation varies by individual and circumstance. It is considered a recommended practice, and some hadith literature notes a blessing associated with delaying the pre-dawn meal to some extent, while not imposing a strict obligation.