substantiveediting

Substantive editing, sometimes called content or developmental editing, is a form of editing that focuses on the big picture of a text. It assesses and improves structure, argument, narrative flow, audience relevance, and overall clarity. The editor evaluates whether the work meets its stated purpose, whether ideas are supported, and whether sections are logically organized. Substantive editing goes beyond correcting grammar or spelling to address content gaps, tone, pacing, and coherence across chapters or sections. It may involve reorganizing material, removing redundant passages, adding new material, or requesting additional sources and evidence. The editor often works with the author on an editorial plan or memo outlining recommended changes and a strategy for implementation. Depending on the project, this work can include fact-checking, ensuring consistency in terminology, and aligning the text with the target audience or publishing house guidelines.

Substantive editing is typically followed by line editing and copyediting, which focus on style, language, and mechanics, and finally proofreading. It is common in book publishing, academic writing, reports, and professional communications, where the emphasis is on ensuring a coherent, persuasive, and well-structured document. Editors may use collaboration tools and tracked changes to document recommendations and revisions, while maintaining authorial voice and confidentiality.