substantiivissä

substantiivissä is a Finnish grammatical term referring to the inessive case of a noun. The inessive case is a locative case that indicates location or position within something. In English, this is often expressed using prepositions like "in" or "inside."

The inessive case ending in Finnish is typically -ssa or -ssä, depending on the vowel harmony of the preceding syllable. For example, the word "talo" (house) becomes "talossa" (in the house). Similarly, "metsä" (forest) becomes "metsässä" (in the forest). This case is used to denote being physically inside a place or container, or to express a state or condition.

The inessive case is a fundamental part of Finnish grammar, used extensively in everyday language. It answers questions like "missä?" (where?). Understanding the inessive case is crucial for constructing grammatically correct Finnish sentences and comprehending spoken and written Finnish. It applies to all nouns and certain other word classes that can function like nouns, such as pronouns and participles. The specific ending can sometimes vary slightly due to certain phonetic rules or the nature of the noun stem.