submandibularkörtlarna

The submandibular glands are two exocrine glands located beneath the mandible, or lower jaw bone, in humans and other mammals. They are part of the major salivary glands and play a crucial role in the production of saliva. These glands are roughly the size of a walnut and are situated on either side of the face, anterior to the angle of the mandible.

Each submandibular gland is divided into a superficial and a deep lobe, separated by the mylohyoid muscle. The majority of the gland lies in the superficial lobe, which is located inferior to the mylohyoid muscle. The smaller deep lobe extends superiorly and medially, lying against the floor of the mouth. The submandibular duct, also known as Wharton's duct, emerges from the deep lobe and opens onto the floor of the mouth, typically lateral to the lingual frenulum.

The submandibular glands produce a mixed saliva, containing both serous and mucous secretions. The serous cells produce a watery fluid rich in enzymes, such as amylase, which aids in the digestion of carbohydrates. The mucous cells secrete a thicker, gel-like substance that lubricates the mouth and helps in swallowing. While the parotid glands are the primary producers of serous saliva, and the sublingual glands produce mostly mucous saliva, the submandibular glands contribute significantly to both types. Their secretions are important for maintaining oral hygiene, facilitating mastication and deglutition, and initiating carbohydrate digestion.