frenulum

A frenulum is a small fold of tissue that helps secure or limit the movement of a part of the body. In human anatomy, several named frenula exist, most commonly in the mouth and genital region.

The lingual frenulum is a fold of mucous membrane and connective tissue that connects the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. It varies in length; a short lingual frenulum, a condition called ankyloglossia or tongue-tie, can limit tongue mobility and, in some cases, affect feeding in infants or speech in older individuals. If necessary, a clinician may perform a minor procedure such as a frenotomy or frenuloplasty to release the tongue.

The labial frenula are folds that connect the inner aspects of the lips to the gum ridges. The maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) labial frena help stabilize the lips. Abnormal frenula can contribute to spacing between teeth (diastema) or other orthodontic considerations; management depends on the case and may involve dental or surgical approaches.

The penile frenulum, or frenulum of the penis, is a fold connecting the underside of the glans to the prepuce. Variations in length or elasticity can cause discomfort or tearing in some individuals; in certain situations a frenulotomy or related procedure may be considered.

The term frenulum can also describe small folds in other parts of the body. The name derives from Latin for "little bridle."