stökkbreyting

Stökkbreyting is an Icelandic term that translates to "gene mutation." It refers to a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. This alteration can range from a single DNA building block, called a nucleotide, to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes. Gene mutations can occur spontaneously during DNA replication or be caused by environmental factors such as radiation or certain chemicals.

The consequences of a stökkbreyting can vary widely. Some mutations may have no observable effect on an organism, while others can be harmful, leading to diseases or genetic disorders. In some cases, mutations can be beneficial, providing an advantage to the organism and potentially driving evolutionary change. The study of stökkbreyting is fundamental to understanding genetics, heredity, and the mechanisms of evolution. Researchers investigate mutations to identify their causes, understand their impact on biological functions, and develop potential treatments for genetic diseases.