strangulate

Strangulation is the compression or constriction of the neck by external force, causing impaired breathing and often reduced blood flow to the brain. It is distinct from choking, which generally refers to obstruction of the airway inside the airway, and from suffocation, a broader term for oxygen deprivation from environmental factors or other causes. Strangulation can be fatal and is recognized as a form of assault or homicide in many legal systems.

The mechanism involves external pressure on the neck that can rapidly disrupt oxygen delivery to the brain and cause cerebral ischemia. Loss of consciousness may occur within seconds, and outcomes can range from transient impairment to permanent brain injury or death. External signs of strangulation may include marks or bruising on the neck, but internal injuries and delayed symptoms can occur without obvious external trauma. Strangulation can take several forms: manual strangulation (use of hands or fingers), ligature strangulation (rope, cord, or belt), and throttling (compressive force that may involve lifting). Non-fatal strangulation is a significant concern in domestic violence and requires medical evaluation even when injuries appear minor.

In legal contexts, strangulation is typically treated as a violent crime or assault. Many jurisdictions distinguish non-fatal strangulation, choking, and other asphyxial injuries in statutes and charges. Medical and forensic assessment after suspected strangulation is important for diagnosing injuries and determining cause of death in fatalities. Awareness, prevention, and access to support services are important components in addressing risks associated with strangulation.