standbypower

Standby power, also known as vampire power or vampire energy, is electrical energy consumed by a device when it is plugged in but not actively performing its primary function. In this standby or sleep state, a device may be ready to respond to a remote control, display information, perform routine checks, or maintain network connectivity. Standby power is distinct from no-load power, which occurs when a device is completely disconnected from a power source, but the two concepts are related in discussions of energy efficiency.

Most consumer electronics draw some standby power because they contain microprocessors, clocks, sensors, and network interfaces that must stay partially active. Typical standby consumption ranges from a fraction of a watt to several watts per device; many modern devices operate in roughly 0.5–5 W in standby, though older or feature-rich devices can draw more. When summed across numerous devices in a home or office, standby energy can be a meaningful portion of overall electricity use.

Regulatory and voluntary standards have sought to reduce standby power in recent years. Various jurisdictions have established limits for no-load and standby power for categories such as external power supplies and consumer electronics, often targeting reductions to the low-watt level for many products. Energy labeling programs and efficiency programs also promote designs that minimize idle draw.

Strategies to reduce standby power include unplugging rarely used devices, using switched or programmable power strips, selecting products with low standby specifications, enabling energy-saving settings, and practicing prudent device lifecycle management. These practices help lower energy waste without compromising convenience.

See also: phantom load, energy efficiency, power management, green computing.