standardimalliin

standardimalliin is a Finnish term that translates to "standard model" in English. It is most commonly used in the context of particle physics to refer to the Standard Model of particle physics. This model is a theory describing the fundamental particles and three of the four known fundamental forces in the universe, excluding gravity. The fundamental particles are categorized into two main groups: fermions and bosons. Fermions are the matter particles, which include quarks and leptons. Quarks combine to form composite particles like protons and neutrons, while leptons include electrons and neutrinos. Bosons are force-carrying particles. The Standard Model includes the photon for electromagnetism, the W and Z bosons for the weak nuclear force, and the gluons for the strong nuclear force. The Higgs boson, responsible for giving mass to other particles, is also a key component of the model. The Standard Model has been incredibly successful in predicting and explaining experimental results, but it is not a complete theory. It does not incorporate gravity, explain dark matter or dark energy, or account for neutrino masses, which were discovered after the model's initial formulation. Physicists are actively searching for physics beyond the Standard Model to address these limitations.