stalaktiták

Stalaktiták are mineral formations that hang from the ceiling of caves. They are formed by the slow dripping of water that contains dissolved minerals, most commonly calcium carbonate. As the water drips, it leaves behind a tiny deposit of mineral. Over long periods of time, these deposits build up to form a stalactite.

The formation process begins when rainwater, which is slightly acidic due to dissolved carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, seeps into the ground. This acidic water dissolves limestone or other carbonate rocks, creating a solution of calcium bicarbonate. When this mineral-rich water reaches the roof of a cave, a small amount of it is exposed to the air. The carbon dioxide in the water is released into the air, causing the calcium bicarbonate to precipitate out as calcium carbonate, which is calcite. This calcite is deposited in a ring around the drip point.

As more water drips, the calcite deposits grow downwards, elongating the stalactite. The rate of growth varies greatly depending on the concentration of minerals in the water, the temperature, and the humidity of the cave. Stalactites can take thousands of years to form. Their appearance can vary greatly, from slender, needle-like formations to thick, icicle-like structures. The color of stalactites can also vary depending on impurities in the mineral deposits, often appearing white, but can also be tinted with reds, browns, or greens.