spændingsdelerligninger

A spændingsdelerligning, which translates to voltage divider equation, is a fundamental concept in electronics used to describe how voltage is distributed across components in a series circuit. When two or more resistors are connected in series across a voltage source, the total voltage is divided among them in proportion to their resistance. The equation allows for the calculation of the voltage across any single resistor within that series.

The basic voltage divider equation for two resistors, R1 and R2, in series with an input voltage Vin is given by Vout = Vin * (R2 / (R1 + R2)), where Vout represents the voltage across R2. This formula is derived from Ohm's law. The total resistance of the series circuit is R1 + R2. The current flowing through the circuit is I = Vin / (R1 + R2). Since the current is the same through both resistors, the voltage across R2 is then Vout = I * R2, which, when substituting the expression for I, yields the voltage divider equation.

This principle is widely applied in electronics for tasks such as creating reference voltages, attenuating signals, and scaling voltage levels. It's a simple yet powerful tool for circuit analysis and design, enabling engineers to control and manipulate voltage levels within a circuit. The accuracy of the voltage division is dependent on the precision of the resistor values.