spændingsdelerligning

A spændingsdelerligning, which translates to "voltage divider equation" in English, is a fundamental concept in electrical engineering used to determine the output voltage of a simple circuit. It describes how voltage is distributed across components in a series connection. The equation is derived from Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law.

The basic setup for a voltage divider consists of two or more passive linear circuit elements, typically resistors, connected in series to a voltage source. When current flows through these series components, the total voltage from the source is divided among them in proportion to their resistance. The spændingsdelerligning allows for the calculation of the voltage drop across any specific resistor in the series.

For a simple voltage divider with two resistors, R1 and R2, connected in series across a voltage source V_in, the output voltage V_out, typically measured across R2, is given by the equation V_out = V_in * (R2 / (R1 + R2)). This formula highlights that the output voltage is a fraction of the input voltage, determined by the ratio of the resistance across which the output is taken to the total resistance of the series.

Voltage dividers are widely used in electronics for various purposes, including creating reference voltages, scaling down larger voltages for sensitive components, and in sensor circuits where a change in resistance of a sensor element alters the output voltage. It's important to note that ideal voltage dividers assume no load is connected to the output, as connecting a load can alter the voltage division ratio.