spodních

Spodních is a form of the Czech adjective spodní, which means lower or bottom. It is used to describe plural nouns in the genitive case, indicating the lower part of a structure or sequence. The form spodních specifically marks genitive plural and appears in phrases where the noun is plural and in the genitive case.

Common uses include scientific and technical contexts, such as geology, hydrology, and archaeology, but it also occurs in everyday language. Examples of its usage include phrases like spodních vrstev (lower layers) and spodních vod (groundwater). These constructions commonly refer to components or sections that lie beneath others, such as subsurface layers or underlying materials.

Grammatical notes: spodních is the genitive plural ending for the adjective spodní. The base form spodní changes across cases and numbers, with spodních appearing in the genitive plural. The same adjective serves in various grammatical roles, including attributive descriptions before plural nouns.

Etymology: spodní derives from the Slavic root meaning under or below, linked to the prefix or stem sp− indicating position beneath. The word has been part of Czech since the older stages of the language and is widely used in both formal and informal discourse.

See also: spodní (the base form of the adjective), spodní voda (groundwater), spodní část (lower part).

Notes: While spodních is most commonly encountered as genitive plural, Czech adjectives can show related forms in other cases and genders; proper usage depends on the grammatical role of the modified noun within a sentence.