spektrifotometria

Spektrifotometria is an analytical technique used to measure the absorption of light by a sample as a function of wavelength. This method is widely employed in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and material science, to identify and quantify substances. The process involves passing a beam of light through a sample and measuring the intensity of the transmitted light at different wavelengths. The absorption spectrum obtained from this measurement can be used to determine the concentration of a particular substance or to identify unknown compounds.

The principle behind spektrifotometria is based on the Beer-Lambert law, which states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing species and the path length of the light through the sample. This relationship is expressed mathematically as A = εlc, where A is the absorbance, ε is the molar absorptivity, l is the path length, and c is the concentration of the absorbing species.

Spektrifotometria can be performed using various types of instruments, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometers and infrared (IR) spectrophotometers. UV-Vis spectrophotometers are commonly used to study organic compounds and transition metal complexes, while IR spectrophotometers are employed to analyze functional groups in molecules.

One of the key advantages of spektrifotometria is its high sensitivity and accuracy, allowing for the detection and quantification of trace amounts of substances. Additionally, this technique is non-destructive, meaning that the sample remains intact after the measurement. However, spektrifotometria has limitations, such as the requirement for clear, homogeneous samples and the potential interference from other absorbing species.

In summary, spektrifotometria is a powerful analytical tool that provides valuable information about the composition and concentration of substances. Its applications span across various scientific disciplines, making it an essential technique for research and quality control in industries such as pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, and food science.