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Spectroscopy is a scientific method used to study the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves measuring the intensity of radiation as a function of wavelength or frequency. Different types of spectroscopy exist, each utilizing a specific range of the electromagnetic spectrum or a particular interaction with matter. For instance, atomic emission spectroscopy examines the light emitted by excited atoms, while infrared spectroscopy analyzes the absorption of infrared light by molecular vibrations. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy probes electronic transitions in molecules, and mass spectrometry measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The resulting data, often presented as a spectrum, provides information about the composition, structure, and properties of the substance being analyzed. This technique is widely applied in various fields, including chemistry, physics, astronomy, and medicine, for purposes such as identifying unknown substances, determining concentrations, and understanding chemical reactions. By analyzing how matter absorbs, emits, or scatters electromagnetic radiation, spectroscopy offers a powerful tool for scientific investigation and technological advancement.