specialdiet

A special diet is any eating pattern that differs from a person’s usual diet to address health concerns, medical treatment, or personal beliefs. In clinical care, such diets are typically prescribed or supervised by healthcare professionals, and can be short-term or ongoing. Special diets can also reflect cultural, religious, or ethical choices. In medical literature, the term is typically written as 'special diet' (two words) rather than a single word.

In medical settings, diets modify nutrient intake or texture to manage disease or support recovery. Examples include sodium-restricted diets for hypertension or heart failure; fluid-restricted diets for certain kidney or heart conditions; diabetic diets emphasizing controlled carbohydrate intake; renal diets with limited phosphorus, potassium, and protein; hepatic diets; low-fat diets for pancreatitis or gallbladder disease; and texture-modified diets for swallowing difficulties.

Diets addressing allergies or intolerances include gluten-free for celiac disease, lactose-free or dairy-free for lactose intolerance, and nut-free or egg-free patterns for nut or egg allergies. Low-FODMAP diets may be used for irritable bowel syndrome under supervision. Some individuals follow lactose-free, vegan, or other allergen-avoidant patterns.

Vegetarian or vegan diets, and religiously observed diets (for example, halal or kosher) are also commonly categorized as special diets, though many can be balanced and nutritionally complete with proper planning.

Implementation involves assessment by nutrition professionals, personalized meal planning, education on food preparation, and ongoing monitoring of nutritional status and adherence. Special diets may pose risks of nutrient deficiencies if not carefully planned, and factors such as cross-contamination, cost, and social impact should be considered.