spannungsüberhöhung

Spannungsüberhöhung refers to a phenomenon in electrical engineering where the voltage at a point in a circuit briefly exceeds its normal operating level. This can occur during switching operations, such as opening or closing inductive loads, or due to transient events like lightning strikes or electrostatic discharge. These overvoltages can be significantly higher than the steady-state voltage and can have detrimental effects on electrical equipment.

The primary causes of spannungsüberhöhung include the rapid interruption of current in inductive circuits. When an inductor's magnetic field collapses, it generates a voltage that is proportional to the rate of change of current. If this current is interrupted quickly, the induced voltage can become very large, potentially damaging insulation or other components. Other causes include the inherent oscillations that can occur in circuits due to parasitic inductance and capacitance, especially when subjected to sudden changes in voltage or current.

The consequences of spannungsüberhöhung can range from temporary malfunctions to permanent damage of electrical devices. Repeated or severe overvoltages can degrade insulation over time, leading to eventual failure. This can result in costly repairs, downtime, and safety hazards. To mitigate these risks, various protective measures are employed, such as surge arresters, transient voltage suppressors, and snubber circuits, which are designed to absorb or divert excess voltage. Understanding and controlling spannungsüberhöhung is crucial for ensuring the reliability and longevity of electrical systems.