solubilitási

Solubilitási is the capacity of a substance, the solute, to dissolve in another substance, the solvent, to form a homogeneous solution. It is a quantitative measure, often expressed as the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. This value is typically reported in grams of solute per 100 grams or 100 milliliters of solvent, or in molarity (moles of solute per liter of solution).

Several factors influence solubilitási. Temperature plays a crucial role; for most solids dissolving in liquids, solubility increases with rising temperature. Conversely, the solubility of gases in liquids generally decreases as temperature increases. Pressure also affects solubility, particularly for gases, where higher pressure leads to greater solubility in liquids, as described by Henry's Law.

The nature of both the solute and the solvent is fundamental. The principle of "like dissolves like" is a key concept, meaning polar solutes tend to dissolve in polar solvents (like salt in water), while nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents (like oil in gasoline). Chemical interactions, such as hydrogen bonding or ion-dipole interactions, between solute and solvent molecules are responsible for the dissolution process. If the attractive forces between solute molecules are stronger than the attractive forces between solute and solvent molecules, the substance will have low solubilitási in that solvent.