socializáció

Socializáció is a fundamental sociological concept referring to the lifelong process through which individuals learn the values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors of their society and acquire the social skills necessary to function within it. It is through socializáció that individuals become members of society and develop their sense of self.

This process begins in infancy within the family, the primary agent of socialization, where children learn basic language, manners, and moral principles. As individuals grow, other agents like schools, peer groups, and the media play increasingly significant roles. Schools teach not only academic knowledge but also social expectations and cooperation. Peer groups provide opportunities for learning social interaction, negotiation, and conformity. The media, in its various forms, disseminates cultural information and influences attitudes and behaviors.

Socializáció is not a passive reception of societal influences; individuals actively interpret and engage with the social world. It is a dynamic process that continues throughout life, adapting to new roles, relationships, and societal changes. Deviations from societal norms are also part of this process, often leading to resocialization, where individuals learn new norms and behaviors to adjust to altered circumstances, such as entering a new profession or undergoing incarceration. Understanding socializáció is key to comprehending how societies maintain continuity and how individuals develop their identities.