skintest

Skin testing, also known as allergy testing or prick testing, is a diagnostic method used to identify substances that cause allergic reactions in an individual. It is a common procedure performed by allergists and other medical professionals to determine the triggers for conditions like allergic rhinitis, asthma, and certain types of dermatitis. The process involves introducing small amounts of suspected allergens to the surface of the skin, typically on the forearm or back, and observing for a localized reaction.

There are several types of skin tests. The most common is the prick or puncture test, where a tiny drop of allergen extract is placed on the skin, and the skin is then lightly pricked or scratched through the drop. Another method is the intradermal test, where a small amount of allergen is injected just beneath the top layer of the skin using a fine needle. Patch testing is used for delayed hypersensitivity reactions and involves applying allergens to the skin under patches for a period of 24 to 48 hours.

Following the application of allergens, the skin is monitored for approximately 15 to 20 minutes for prick tests. A positive reaction is indicated by the development of a wheal (a raised, itchy bump) and flare (redness) around the application site, similar to a mosquito bite. The size of the wheal is measured and compared to control sites. For patch tests, reactions are assessed after the patches are removed and again 24-48 hours later, looking for redness, swelling, and blisters. Skin testing is generally safe when performed by trained professionals, although mild itching and redness are expected. Contraindications and precautions are considered before testing.