siviilihenkilö

A siviilihenkilö, or civilian, refers to a person who is not a member of a country's armed forces or a law enforcement agency. This distinction is fundamental in international humanitarian law, particularly during armed conflict, where civilians are afforded protection from direct attack. The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols clearly define who is considered a civilian and outline the rights and protections they are guaranteed.

The status of a siviilihenkilö is generally determined by their lack of participation in hostilities. This includes individuals not actively involved in fighting, who do not belong to organized armed groups, and who are not performing military functions. In situations of occupation, the civilian population is also protected under international law.

Distinguishing between combatants and civilians is crucial for the lawful conduct of warfare. Attacks directed against civilians or civilian objects are prohibited. Conversely, if a civilian directly participates in hostilities, they may lose their protected status and become a lawful target. However, this determination is subject to strict legal criteria. The concept of a siviilihenkilö is therefore a cornerstone of efforts to mitigate the suffering caused by armed conflict and to uphold humanitarian principles.