sinir

Sinir is the Turkish term for a nerve, a basic component of the nervous system responsible for transmitting electrical impulses between the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body. In Turkish medical language, sinir refers to both individual nerve fibers and whole nerves, including cranial nerves and peripheral nerves.

Anatomy and classification: Nerves consist of bundles of axons surrounded by connective tissue, with supporting glial cells. They are categorized by function as sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), or mixed nerves. The central nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord; the peripheral nervous system comprises the nerves that connect the CNS to muscles, organs, and skin.

Function: Nerves convey sensory information from receptors to the CNS and transmit motor commands from the CNS to muscles. Autonomic nerves regulate involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity.

Clinical relevance: Nerve injuries or diseases can cause numbness, weakness, pain, or impaired reflexes. Common conditions include neuropathies, radiculopathies, entrapment syndromes (e.g., carpal tunnel), and demyelinating disorders. Diagnosis often involves neurological examination and nerve conduction studies or electromyography.

Usage and phrases: In everyday Turkish, sinir can also mean nerve in a figurative sense or temper, as in "sinirlenmek" (to become angry) or "sinir bozucu" (nerve-wracking).