simpukkamyrkytys

Simpukkamyrkytys, also known as shellfish poisoning, is a type of food poisoning that results from the consumption of shellfish that have accumulated toxins. These toxins are produced by microscopic marine algae, such as dinoflagellates, which are then ingested by shellfish like mussels, clams, oysters, and scallops. When humans consume these contaminated shellfish, they can experience a range of symptoms.

There are several different types of shellfish poisoning, each caused by different algal toxins. Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is caused by saxitoxin, which can cause neurological symptoms including tingling, numbness, and in severe cases, respiratory paralysis. Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) is caused by domoic acid and can lead to gastrointestinal issues and neurological problems, including memory loss. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is caused by okadaic acid and leads to vomiting and diarrhea. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) is caused by brevetoxins and causes neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms.

The severity of symptoms depends on the type of toxin, the amount consumed, and the individual's susceptibility. Symptoms typically appear within minutes to hours after eating contaminated shellfish. Public health agencies monitor coastal waters for algal blooms and issue advisories or closures for shellfish harvesting when toxin levels are high. Proper cooking does not destroy these toxins. Prevention relies on avoiding consumption of shellfish from areas with known toxic blooms.