silmänpohjia

Silmänpohjat, also known as the fundus, refers to the inner lining of the back of the eye. This crucial area includes the retina, the optic disc, and the macula. The retina is a light-sensitive tissue that contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) responsible for converting light into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, enabling vision.

The optic disc, often called the "blind spot," is where the optic nerve exits the eye. It lacks photoreceptors, hence the absence of vision in this specific area. The macula is a small, specialized region within the retina responsible for sharp, central vision, crucial for tasks like reading and recognizing faces.

Examination of the silmänpohjat is a vital part of a comprehensive eye examination. It allows ophthalmologists and optometrists to assess the health of these structures and detect early signs of various eye diseases and systemic conditions. Conditions that can be identified include diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and hypertension.

Diagnostic tools like ophthalmoscopes and fundus cameras are used to visualize the silmänpohjat. Dilating eye drops are often administered to widen the pupil, providing a clearer view. Any abnormalities observed, such as bleeding, swelling, or changes in blood vessels, can indicate underlying health issues that require prompt medical attention. The health of the silmänpohjat is intrinsically linked to overall vascular health.