siirtymämetallin

A siirtymämetalli is a chemical element in the d-block of the periodic table. These elements are characterized by having valence electrons in d orbitals. Typically, this definition includes groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table. However, some definitions are more restrictive, excluding groups 11 and 12, or including some f-block elements as well. Siirtymämetallit are known for their ability to form compounds in multiple oxidation states, which contributes to their diverse chemical properties.

Many siirtymämetallit are transition metals in the common sense, exhibiting properties such as high melting and boiling points, hardness, and good electrical and thermal conductivity. They also readily form alloys with other metals. Their compounds are often colored, and many act as catalysts in chemical reactions. Common examples of siirtymämetallit include iron, copper, zinc, silver, gold, and platinum.

The electronic configuration of siirtymämetallit is crucial to their behavior. The filling of the d orbitals, either partially or fully, dictates their reactivity and the formation of complex ions. The empty or partially filled d orbitals allow these elements to accept electrons from ligands, forming coordination compounds. The unique electronic structures of siirtymämetallit are fundamental to their widespread use in industry, technology, and biological systems.