sigmoidoskopi

Sigmoidoskopi, or flexible sigmoidoscopy, is a medical procedure used to examine the rectum and part of the colon known as the sigmoid colon. A short, flexible tube with a light and camera, called a sigmoidoscope, is inserted through the anus and advanced to the distal colon. The examination allows visualization of the inner lining to identify sources of symptoms such as rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits, and it can be used for cancer screening and polyp detection.

Preparation typically involves bowel cleansing with laxatives or an enema, and may require a clear liquid diet for a day before the test. The exam is usually performed with the patient on the left side, sometimes with mild sedation or local anesthesia. Air or carbon dioxide is gently insufflated to improve visibility. The doctor may take biopsies or remove polyps during the examination.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy is less invasive than a full colonoscopy and generally carries a lower risk of complications. The procedure lasts about 10 to 20 minutes. Common side effects include cramping or gas. Serious complications such as perforation or significant bleeding are rare.

Limitations and alternatives: Sigmoidoscopy visualizes only the distal portion of the colon (rectum and sigmoid colon) and does not assess the entire colon. If abnormalities are found or if complete colon evaluation is required, a colonoscopy may be recommended. Alternative tests include colonoscopy, CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy), and stool-based tests such as fecal occult blood testing or FIT.