siddhantas

Siddhantas are foundational texts within various Indian philosophical and religious traditions, particularly Jainism and Buddhism. The term itself, derived from Sanskrit, translates to "conclusion," "established doctrine," or "precept." These texts often represent the culmination of extensive study, contemplation, and spiritual realization, serving as authoritative statements on core principles, cosmology, ethics, and the path to liberation.

In Jainism, the Siddhantas, also known as Agamas, are believed to be the teachings of the Tirthankaras, the enlightened spiritual guides. They provide detailed accounts of the universe, the nature of the soul (jiva) and matter (ajiva), karma, and the practices necessary to attain moksha (liberation). The canon of Siddhantas varies slightly between the Digambara and Svetambara traditions of Jainism.

In Buddhism, while the term Siddhanta is not as universally applied as "Sutra" or "Tantra," the concept of established doctrines or conclusions is central. Early Buddhist texts, particularly the Pali Canon, contain the foundational teachings of the Buddha, which can be considered his Siddhantas. These texts outline the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, dependent origination, and the nature of impermanence, suffering, and non-self. Later Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions also have their own sets of authoritative texts that encapsulate their respective philosophical conclusions. The common thread across these traditions is the aim of presenting an ultimate truth or a definitive understanding of reality and the means to overcome suffering.