shtetësisë

Shtetësia, in Albanian usage, refers to the legal bond between an individual and a state that defines membership in that state and grants certain rights and duties. It is typically established by jus sanguinis (right of blood) or jus soli-like rules, and can be acquired by birth to citizens, by naturalization after residence or by declaration under specific conditions. Loss or deprivation may occur through renunciation, voluntary naturalization in another country, or revocation for reasons such as fraud or allegiance issues, with safeguards against statelessness.

Rights commonly associated with shtetësia include protection by the state, the ability to vote and stand for public office, access to education, healthcare, and social services, and the right to a passport. Duties may include obedience to laws, taxes, military service in some countries, and civic participation.

Many states allow dual or multiple citizenships, though policies vary and may affect rights and obligations across countries. In international law, the right to a nationality is recognized as a fundamental human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; statelessness is a condition to be avoided.

Historically, the modern concept of shtetësia grew with the emergence of nation-states and continues to evolve in response to migration, globalization, and regional arrangements.