shackles

Shackles are restraining devices designed to limit a person’s movement by affixing restraints to the wrists, ankles, or other limbs. They are usually made of metal and operate with a locking mechanism that secures the restraints to a chain or hinged linkage. The term covers a range of devices, including handcuffs, leg irons, ankle shackles, and combinations such as chain fetters and ball-and-chain restraints.

Handcuffs may be hinged or chain-linked and typically employ a single lock; leg irons are heavier, with a longer chain or solid links. Modern restraints often use stainless steel, with protective coatings to reduce injury. Some designs include a double-lock feature to prevent the cuffs from tightening accidentally, which is a standard safety measure in many police and corrections systems.

Shackles have a long history, appearing in ancient civilizations and becoming widespread in medieval and early modern prison systems, for transport and captivity. In maritime and penal contexts, shackles were used to secure prisoners or enslaved individuals. In the modern era, handcuffs and leg irons are typically used by law enforcement, security personnel, and correctional facilities to subdue and transport individuals who pose a risk.

Contemporary discussions around shackles address safety, human rights, and the potential for injury or misuse. Guidelines emphasize proportional restraint, monitoring, and the use of the least restrictive means appropriate to the situation. Proponents note their usefulness for securing individuals during transport or custody, while critics call for limits on use and ongoing exploration of alternatives.