Handcuffs

Handcuffs are restraints designed to secure a person’s wrists close together. They are used primarily by law enforcement and security personnel to temporarily immobilize an arrestee or detainee and to facilitate safer transport. Standard handcuffs consist of two matching loops that encircle the wrists and are connected by a short chain or hinge. The design limits wrist movement, and the locking mechanism holds the cuffs closed until released with a key. Common variants include chain handcuffs, which permit a degree of rotation and lateral movement; hinged handcuffs, which limit movement more tightly; and rigid or plastic restraints used in certain contexts for mass arrests or low-cost applications.

Materials vary. Traditional handcuffs are typically made of steel or stainless steel. Lighter models made from aluminum alloys are used where weight is a concern. Plastic or polymer restraints, known as flex cuffs or zip restraints, are designed for single use or bulk arrests. Most metal handcuffs include a double-lock feature to prevent the cuffs from tightening once applied, reducing nerve or tissue damage.

Use and safety: Handcuffs should be applied with the hands placed in front or behind the back, according to protocol. The assembler should ensure the cuffs are tight enough to prevent escape but not so tight as to cut circulation, and check circulation and sensation regularly. Locking and unlocking require an appropriate key; unauthorized or improper use can lead to injury or legal liability.

History and regulation: Early restraints were rope or leather; metal cuff designs matured in the 19th century. Today, handcuffs are a standard tool in many policing, security, and custody settings, with laws governing their use varying by jurisdiction.