sfalerite

Sphalerite is a mineral species that is the primary ore of zinc. Its chemical formula is ZnS, zinc sulfide. It is a common mineral in the Earth's crust and is found in a variety of geological environments, including hydrothermal veins, sedimentary rocks, and volcanic rocks. Sphalerite is typically yellow to brown in color, but it can also be red, green, or black. It has a greasy to adamantine luster and a white to pale yellow streak. The mineral is relatively soft, with a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4.

The name "sphalerite" comes from the Greek word "sphaleros," meaning deceptive or treacherous. This name was given to the mineral because it can be easily mistaken for other minerals, such as galena. Sphalerite is often found in association with other sulfide minerals, such as pyrite and chalcopyrite. It is also commonly found with gangue minerals like calcite and quartz.

The main economic importance of sphalerite is its role as a source of zinc. Zinc is a versatile metal used in a wide range of applications, including galvanizing steel, producing brass, and in batteries. Sphalerite is mined in many countries around the world, with major producers including China, Australia, and Peru. The mineral can also be a source of other elements, such as cadmium and indium, which are recovered as byproducts of zinc smelting. The crystal structure of sphalerite is cubic, with a face-centered cubic lattice. It is an important mineral for geologists to study as it provides insights into the conditions under which ore deposits form.