sesquiterpének

Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that are composed of three isoprene units, making them C15 hydrocarbons. They are a diverse group of organic compounds found in nature, particularly in essential oils of plants. The structure of sesquiterpenes is highly varied, with numerous cyclic and acyclic arrangements possible. This structural diversity contributes to their wide range of physical and chemical properties.

Many sesquiterpenes are volatile and contribute to the characteristic aromas of plants. They are biosynthesized from farnesyl pyrophosphate, a common precursor in the terpene biosynthesis pathway. Plants produce sesquiterpenes for various purposes, including defense against herbivores and pathogens, as well as for attracting pollinators.

Examples of well-known sesquiterpenes include farnesol, found in lily of the valley and rose oils, and bisabolol, a component of chamomile. These compounds have found applications in perfumery, cosmetics, and traditional medicine. Some sesquiterpenes also exhibit biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, or insecticidal properties. Their complex structures and diverse functionalities continue to be a subject of research in organic chemistry and natural product science.