serumsairauksia

Serum sickness is a rare immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction that typically occurs following exposure to certain foreign proteins, most commonly medications derived from animal sources, such as antisera used for immunization or treatment. It can also be triggered by other protein-containing drugs. The reaction is a delayed-type hypersensitivity, usually appearing 7 to 21 days after exposure to the offending agent.

The underlying mechanism involves the formation of immune complexes when the body's immune system recognizes the foreign proteins as antigens. These complexes then deposit in various tissues, particularly in the kidneys, joints, and skin, leading to inflammation and the characteristic symptoms.

Common symptoms of serum sickness include fever, rash (often urticarial or morbilliform), joint pain (arthralgia), and swelling. Other manifestations can include lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally more severe complications affecting the kidneys (glomerulonephritis) or nervous system.

Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation and a history of exposure to a potential trigger. Laboratory tests may reveal elevated inflammatory markers like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), along with evidence of immune complex deposition in urine or kidney biopsy. However, specific diagnostic tests for serum sickness are not readily available.

Treatment focuses on removing the offending agent and managing symptoms. Antihistamines are used to alleviate itching and rash, while corticosteroids are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response. In severe cases, more aggressive immunosuppressive therapy might be necessary. Most individuals recover fully once the trigger is removed and symptoms are managed. Prevention involves careful consideration of the risks and benefits of medications known to cause serum sickness.